IJAIR NAAS Score : 3.99 ,ISSN : 2319-1473

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"IJAIR is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access."

Why Open Access?

Funders invest in research in order to accelerate the pace of scientific discovery, encourage innovation, enrich education, and stimulate the economy – to improve the public good. They recognize that broad access to the results of research is an essential component of the research process itself. Research advances only through sharing of results, and the value of an investment in research is only maximized through wide use of its results.

Yet, too often, research results are not available to the broadest community of potential users. The Internet provides a new opportunity to bring information to a wider audience at virtually no marginal cost, and allow them to use it in new, innovative ways. This has resulted in a call for new framework to allow research results to be more easily accessed and used—a call for Open Access.


What is Open Access?

By Open Access, we mean the free, immediate, availability on the public Internet of those works which scholars give to the world without expectation of payment – permitting any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software or use them for any other lawful purpose.


Who Benefits from Open Access?

“Open access truly expands shared knowledge across scientific fields — it is the best path for accelerating multi-disciplinary breakthroughs in research.”

Open Letter to the US Congress signed by Nobel Prize winners

Researchers

  • Increases readers’ ability to find use relevant literature
  • Increases the visibility, readership and impact of author’s works
  • Creates new avenues for discovery in digital environment
  • Enhances interdisciplinary research
  • Accelerates the pace of research, discovery and innovation

Educational Institutions

  • Contributes to core mission of advancing knowledge
  • Democratizes access across all institutions – regardless of size or budget
  • Provides previously unattainable access to community, colleges, others
  • Provides access to crucial STEM materials
  • Increases competitiveness of academic institutions
  • Students
  • Enriches the quality of their education
  • Ensures access to all that students need to know, rather what they (or their school) can afford
  • Contributes to a better-educated workforce

Research Funders

  • Leverages return on research investment
  • Creates tool to manage research portfolio
  • Avoids funding duplicative research
  • Creates transparency
  • Encourages greater interaction with results of funded research

Businesses

  • Access to cutting-edge research encourages innovation
  • Stimulates new ideas, new services, new products
  • Creates new opportunities for job creation

Public

  • Provides access to previously unavailable materials relating to health, energy, environment, and other areas of broad interest
  • Creates better educated populace
  • Encourages support of scientific enterprise and engagement in citizen science

Why start with public access?

“Governments would boost innovation and get a better return on their investment in publicly funded research by making research findings more widely available… And by doing so, they would maximize social returns on public investments.” 
–Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Widespread access to publicly funded research results is an essential, inseparable component of our nation’s investment in science.

Results of publicly funded research should be shared in cost-effective ways in order to stimulate discovery and innovation, and advance the translation of this knowledge into public benefits Enhanced access to and expanded sharing of information will lead to usage by millions of scientists, professionals, and individuals, and will deliver an accelerated return on the public’s investment in this research.

source:"http://www.oaacademy.org/why-open-access.html"

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At TimeLine Journals, we understand that some institutions may have limited funding for their research activities. Thus, we have instituted a generous waiver system that may ease the payment of the manuscript handling fee when their researchers choose to publish their manuscripts in any of our journals. Our primary goal as stated in our mission is to accelerate the dissemination of knowledge through the publication of high quality research articles. We are continually pursuing this goal, without putting undue financial burden on researchers or their institutions. Hence, we have instituted the following waiver policy.

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World Bank Country Classifications by Income Level

 

x x Economy Code X Region Income group
x x x x x x x
1   Afghanistan AFG   South Asia Low income
2   Albania ALB   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
3   Algeria DZA   Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
4   American Samoa ASM   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
5   Andorra AND   Europe & Central Asia High income
6   Angola AGO   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
7   Antigua and Barbuda ATG   Latin America & Caribbean High income
8   Argentina ARG   Latin America & Caribbean High income
9   Armenia ARM   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
10   Aruba ABW   Latin America & Caribbean High income
11   Australia AUS   East Asia & Pacific High income
12   Austria AUT   Europe & Central Asia High income
13   Azerbaijan AZE   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
14   Bahamas, The BHS   Latin America & Caribbean High income
15   Bahrain BHR   Middle East & North Africa High income
16   Bangladesh BGD   South Asia Lower middle income
17   Barbados BRB   Latin America & Caribbean High income
18   Belarus BLR   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
19   Belgium BEL   Europe & Central Asia High income
20   Belize BLZ   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
21   Benin BEN   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
22   Bermuda BMU   North America High income
23   Bhutan BTN   South Asia Lower middle income
24   Bolivia BOL   Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
25   Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
26   Botswana BWA   Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
27   Brazil BRA   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
28   British Virgin Islands VGB   Latin America & Caribbean High income
29   Brunei Darussalam BRN   East Asia & Pacific High income
30   Bulgaria BGR   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
31   Burkina Faso BFA   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
32   Burundi BDI   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
33   Cabo Verde CPV   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
34   Cambodia KHM   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
35   Cameroon CMR   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
36   Canada CAN   North America High income
37   Cayman Islands CYM   Latin America & Caribbean High income
38   Central African Republic CAF   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
39   Chad TCD   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
40   Channel Islands CHI   Europe & Central Asia High income
41   Chile CHL   Latin America & Caribbean High income
42   China CHN   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
43   Colombia COL   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
44   Comoros COM   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
45   Congo, Dem. Rep. COD   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
46   Congo, Rep. COG   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
47   Costa Rica CRI   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
48   Côte d'Ivoire CIV   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
49   Croatia HRV   Europe & Central Asia High income
50   Cuba CUB   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
51   Curaçao CUW   Latin America & Caribbean High income
52   Cyprus CYP   Europe & Central Asia High income
53   Czech Republic CZE   Europe & Central Asia High income
54   Denmark DNK   Europe & Central Asia High income
55   Djibouti DJI   Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
56   Dominica DMA   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
57   Dominican Republic DOM   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
58   Ecuador ECU   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
59   Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY   Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
60   El Salvador SLV   Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
61   Equatorial Guinea GNQ   Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
62   Eritrea ERI   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
63   Estonia EST   Europe & Central Asia High income
64   Ethiopia ETH   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
65   Faroe Islands FRO   Europe & Central Asia High income
66   Fiji FJI   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
67   Finland FIN   Europe & Central Asia High income
68   France FRA   Europe & Central Asia High income
69   French Polynesia PYF   East Asia & Pacific High income
70   Gabon GAB   Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
71   Gambia, The GMB   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
72   Georgia GEO   Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
73   Germany DEU   Europe & Central Asia High income
74   Ghana GHA   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
75   Gibraltar GIB   Europe & Central Asia High income
76   Greece GRC   Europe & Central Asia High income
77   Greenland GRL   Europe & Central Asia High income
78   Grenada GRD   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
79   Guam GUM   East Asia & Pacific High income
80   Guatemala GTM   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
81   Guinea GIN   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
82   Guinea-Bissau GNB   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
83   Guyana GUY   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
84   Haiti HTI   Latin America & Caribbean Low income
85   Honduras HND   Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
86   Hong Kong SAR, China HKG   East Asia & Pacific High income
87   Hungary HUN   Europe & Central Asia High income
88   Iceland ISL   Europe & Central Asia High income
89   India IND   South Asia Lower middle income
90   Indonesia IDN   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
91   Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN   Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
92   Iraq IRQ   Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
93   Ireland IRL   Europe & Central Asia High income
94   Isle of Man IMN   Europe & Central Asia High income
95   Israel ISR   Middle East & North Africa High income
96   Italy ITA   Europe & Central Asia High income
97   Jamaica JAM   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
98   Japan JPN   East Asia & Pacific High income
99   Jordan JOR   Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
100   Kazakhstan KAZ   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
101   Kenya KEN   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
102   Kiribati KIR   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
103   Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PRK   East Asia & Pacific Low income
104   Korea, Rep. KOR   East Asia & Pacific High income
105   Kosovo XKX   Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
106   Kuwait KWT   Middle East & North Africa High income
107   Kyrgyz Republic KGZ   Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
108   Lao PDR LAO   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
109   Latvia LVA   Europe & Central Asia High income
110   Lebanon LBN   Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
111   Lesotho LSO   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
112   Liberia LBR   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
113   Libya LBY   Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income
114   Liechtenstein LIE   Europe & Central Asia High income
115   Lithuania LTU   Europe & Central Asia High income
116   Luxembourg LUX   Europe & Central Asia High income
117   Macao SAR, China MAC   East Asia & Pacific High income
118   Macedonia, FYR MKD   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
119   Madagascar MDG   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
120   Malawi MWI   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
121   Malaysia MYS   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
122   Maldives MDV   South Asia Upper middle income
123   Mali MLI   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
124   Malta MLT   Middle East & North Africa High income
125   Marshall Islands MHL   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
126   Mauritania MRT   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
127   Mauritius MUS   Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
128   Mexico MEX   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
129   Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
130   Moldova MDA   Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
131   Monaco MCO   Europe & Central Asia High income
132   Mongolia MNG   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
133   Montenegro MNE   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
134   Morocco MAR   Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
135   Mozambique MOZ   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
136   Myanmar MMR   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
137   Namibia NAM   Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
138   Nauru NRU   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
139   Nepal NPL   South Asia Low income
140   Netherlands NLD   Europe & Central Asia High income
141   New Caledonia NCL   East Asia & Pacific High income
142   New Zealand NZL   East Asia & Pacific High income
143   Nicaragua NIC   Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income
144   Niger NER   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
145   Nigeria NGA   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
146   Northern Mariana Islands MNP   East Asia & Pacific High income
147   Norway NOR   Europe & Central Asia High income
148   Oman OMN   Middle East & North Africa High income
149   Pakistan PAK   South Asia Lower middle income
150   Palau PLW   East Asia & Pacific High income
151   Panama PAN   Latin America & Caribbean High income
152   Papua New Guinea PNG   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
153   Paraguay PRY   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
154   Peru PER   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
155   Philippines PHL   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
156   Poland POL   Europe & Central Asia High income
157   Portugal PRT   Europe & Central Asia High income
158   Puerto Rico PRI   Latin America & Caribbean High income
159   Qatar QAT   Middle East & North Africa High income
160   Romania ROU   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
161   Russian Federation RUS   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
162   Rwanda RWA   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
163   Samoa WSM   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
164   San Marino SMR   Europe & Central Asia High income
165   São Tomé and Principe STP   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
166   Saudi Arabia SAU   Middle East & North Africa High income
167   Senegal SEN   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
168   Serbia SRB   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
169   Seychelles SYC   Sub-Saharan Africa High income
170   Sierra Leone SLE   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
171   Singapore SGP   East Asia & Pacific High income
172   Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SXM   Latin America & Caribbean High income
173   Slovak Republic SVK   Europe & Central Asia High income
174   Slovenia SVN   Europe & Central Asia High income
175   Solomon Islands SLB   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
176   Somalia SOM   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
177   South Africa ZAF   Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income
178   South Sudan SSD   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
179   Spain ESP   Europe & Central Asia High income
180   Sri Lanka LKA   South Asia Lower middle income
181   St. Kitts and Nevis KNA   Latin America & Caribbean High income
182   St. Lucia LCA   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
183   St. Martin (French part) MAF   Latin America & Caribbean High income
184   St. Vincent and the Grenadines VCT   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
185   Sudan SDN   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
186   Suriname SUR   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
187   Swaziland SWZ   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
188   Sweden SWE   Europe & Central Asia High income
189   Switzerland CHE   Europe & Central Asia High income
190   Syrian Arab Republic SYR   Middle East & North Africa Low income
191   Taiwan, China TWN   East Asia & Pacific High income
192   Tajikistan TJK   Europe & Central Asia Low income
193   Tanzania TZA   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
194   Thailand THA   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
195   Timor-Leste TLS   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
196   Togo TGO   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
197   Tonga TON   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
198   Trinidad and Tobago TTO   Latin America & Caribbean High income
199   Tunisia TUN   Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
200   Turkey TUR   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
201   Turkmenistan TKM   Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income
202   Turks and Caicos Islands TCA   Latin America & Caribbean High income
203   Tuvalu TUV   East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income
204   Uganda UGA   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income
205   Ukraine UKR   Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
206   United Arab Emirates ARE   Middle East & North Africa High income
207   United Kingdom GBR   Europe & Central Asia High income
208   United States USA   North America High income
209   Uruguay URY   Latin America & Caribbean High income
210   Uzbekistan UZB   Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income
211   Vanuatu VUT   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
212   Venezuela, RB VEN   Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income
213   Vietnam VNM   East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income
214   Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR   Latin America & Caribbean High income
215   West Bank and Gaza PSE   Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income
216   Yemen, Rep. YEM   Middle East & North Africa Low income
217   Zambia ZMB   Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income
218   Zimbabwe ZWE   Sub-Saharan Africa Low income

Source: World Bank https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups

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What is copyright?
Copyright

Copyright is an intellectual property right chiefly concerned with original written works and the typographical arrangement of published works. Copyright owners have the exclusive right to copy their work and to issue copies of their work to the public, and it is an infringement for anyone else to do so without the copyright owner's permission.

Much of what the Timeline Publication and its Journals publishes is work written by third parties (the copyright owner), and it is important that we obtain the proper authority and rights to publish this material. We may do this by obtaining a licence to publish (with the copyright owner retaining copyright), or by taking assignment of copyright to the Timeline Publication and its Journals. We must also ensure that the material we publish does not infringe the copyright of others. The Timeline Publication and its Journals must acquire the legal rights it needs to publish material and the rights it needs to manage and protect the material it publishes.

The Timeline Publication and its Journals must respect the copyright of others, and it must be sure that it has the proper authority to use material that has already been published elsewhere and is owned by someone else (for example, reusing material in our own publications).

Assurances

In the licence to publish, the author provides the assurances

I warrant, on behalf of myself and my co-authors, that:

  • the article is original, has not been formally published in any other journal nor I have not submitted the copyright or any other legal document related to this article and is not under consideration by any other journal and does not infringe any existing copyright or any other third party rights;
  • I am/we are the sole author(s) of the article and have full authority to enter into this agreement and in granting rights to Timeline Publication and its Journals are not in breach of any other obligation;
  • the article contains nothing that is unlawful, libellous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy;
  • I/we have taken due care to ensure the integrity of the article. To my/our - and currently accepted scientific - knowledge all statements contained in it purporting to be facts are true and any formula or instruction contained in the article will not, if followed accurately, cause any injury, illness or damage to the user.
  • Incase if in future any violation of any copyright come in notice, then the author will be responsible and not the Timeline Publication and its Journals. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.

In the licence to publish, the author provides the assurances that we need to publish the material, including assurances that the work is original to the author, that the work has not been published already and that permissions have been obtained if previously published material has been included.

If the manuscript includes material that belongs to someone else (for example, a figure or diagram), we require the author to obtain all permissions that may be needed from third parties. If you wish to reuse material that was not published originally by the Timeline Publication and its Journals please see Re-use permission requests.

Download the Timeline Publication and its Journals “licence to publish”


Rights retained by authors

When the author accepts the exclusive licence to publish for a journal article, he/she retains certain rights that may be exercised without reference to the Timeline Publication and its Journals.

  • Reproduce/republish portions of the article (including the abstract).
  • Photocopy the article and distribute such photocopies and distribute copies of the PDF of the article for personal or professional use only (the Timeline Publication and its Journals makes this PDF available to the corresponding author of the article upon publication. Any such copies should not be offered for sale. Persons who receive or access the PDF mentioned above must be notified that this may not be made available further or distributed.).
  • Adapt the article and reproduce adaptations of the article for any purpose other than the commercial exploitation of a work similar to the original.
  • Reproduce, perform, transmit and otherwise communicate the article to the public in spoken presentations (including those that are accompanied by visual material such as slides, overheads and computer projections).

The author(s) must submit a written request to the Timeline Publication and its Journals for any use other than those specified above.

All cases of republication/reproduction must be accompanied by an acknowledgement of first publication of the work by the Timeline Publication and its Journals, the wording of which depends on the journal in which the article was published originally. The acknowledgement should also include a hyperlink to the article on the Timeline Publication and its Journals website.

The author also has some rights concerning the deposition of the whole article.

Deposition and sharing rights

When the author accepts the licence to publish for a journal article, he/she retains certain rights concerning the deposition of the whole article given as below:.

You can:

  • Share with individuals on request, for personal use
  • Use for teaching or training materials
  • Use in submissions of grant applications, or academic requirements such as theses or dissertations
  • Share with a closed group of research collaborators
  • Share publicly via a personal website, institutional repository or other not-for-profit repository

If you are a reader looking for the terms of use for information published by the Timeline Publication and its Journals under our standard licence to publish please refer our terms of use.

Permission requests for Re-use

Material published by the Timeline Publication and its Journals and other publishers is subject to all applicable copyright, database protection, and other rights. Therefore, for any publication, whether printed or electronic, permission must be obtained to use material for which the author(s) does not already own the copyright. This material may be, for example, a figure, diagram, table, photo or some other image.

Author reusing their own work published by the Timeline Publication and its Journals

You do not need to request permission to reuse your own figures, diagrams, etc, that were originally published in a Timeline Publication and its Journals publication. However, permission should be requested for use of the whole article or chapter except if reusing it in a thesis. If you are including an article or book chapter published by us in your thesis please ensure that your co-authors are aware of this.

Reuse of material that was published originally by the Timeline Publication and its Journals must be accompanied by the appropriate acknowledgement of the publication. The form of the acknowledgement is dependent on the journal in which it was published originally, as detailed in 'Acknowledgements'.

Material published by the Timeline Publication and its Journals to be used in another of our publications

Authors contributing to our publications (journal articles, book or book chapters) do not need to formally request permission to reproduce material contained in another Timeline Publication and its Journals publication. However, permission should be requested for use of a whole article or chapter. For all cases of reproduction the correct acknowledgement of the reproduced material should be given. The form of the acknowledgement is dependent on the journal in which it was published originally, as detailed in the 'Acknowledgements' section.

Acknowledgements
Using third party material in Timeline Publication and its Journals publications

We must ensure that the material we publish does not infringe the copyright of others. We require the author(s) to obtain, at the earliest opportunity, the relevant permissions that might be needed from third parties to include material that belongs to someone else.

Please contact the publisher/copyright owner of the third party material to check how they wish to receive permission requests. Please plan to submit your request well ahead of publication of your material.

If the copyright owner has opted to publish under a Creative Commons licence, licensees are required to obtain permission to do any of the things with a work that the law reserves exclusively to a licensor and that the licence does not expressly allow. Licensees must credit the licensor, keep copyright notices intact on all copies of the work, and link to the license from copies of the work.

In all cases the following rights need to be obtained.

Permission is required to include the specified material in the work described and in all subsequent editions of the work to be published by the Timeline Publication and its Journals for distribution throughout the world, in all media including electronic and microfilm and to use the material in conjunction with computer-based electronic and information retrieval systems, to grant permissions for photocopying, reproductions and reprints, to translate the material and to publish the translation, and to authorise document delivery and abstracting and indexing services.

Using material published by the Timeline Publication and its Journals in material for another publisher

If you require permission to use material from one of our publications or website in a publication not owned by us, and you are not the author of our publication, the following procedures should be followed.

Before sending in any request you should check that the material you wish to reproduce is not credited to a source other than the Timeline Publication and its Journals. The credit for an image will be given in the caption of the image or sometimes in the list of references.

Please plan to submit your request well ahead of publication of your material. Please note that we are unable to supply artwork for the material you may wish to reproduce.

Reproducing material from a Timeline Publication and its Journals

To request permission to reproduce material from a Timeline Publication and its Journals please ask for permission.

Brief explanation regarding licence:

The Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 provides the following summary (where ‘you’ equals ‘the user’):

You are free to:

  • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms

Under the following terms:

  • Attribution— you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • No additional restrictions—you may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

For more details please read Creative Commons

Disclaimer
The opinions expressed and figures / data provided in Timeline Publication and its Journals; are the sole responsibility of the authors. The publisher and the editors bear no responsibility in this regard. Any and all such liabilities are disclaimed.

All disputes are subject to Bhopal (M.P.), India jurisdiction only.

 

 

 

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IJAIR shall take serious action against published manuscripts found to contain plagiarism and shall completely remove it from IJAIR website and other third party websites where the paper is listed and indexed. The moment, any article published in IJAIR or TimeLine database is reported to be plagiarized, IJAIR will constitute a Fact Finding Committee (FFC) to investigate the same. Upon having established that the manuscript is plagiarized from some previously published work, IJAIR shall support the original author and manuscript irrespective of the publisher and may take any or all of the following immediate actions or follow the additional course of actions as recommended by the committee:

  • IJAIR shall repalce the PDF copy of the published manuscript from the website and disable all links to full text article with notice of plagiarism.
  • IJAIR shall disable the author account with the journal and reject all future submissions from the author for a period of 03 / 05 / 10 years or even ban the authors permanently.
  • IJAIR may also display the list of such authors along with their full contact details on the IJAIR and TimeLine website.


Any other course of action, as recommended by the Committee or as deemed fit for the instant case or as decided by the Editorial Board, from time to time.

 

The following types of plagiarism are considered by IJAIR:

  • Full Plagiarism: Previously published content without any changes to the text, idea and grammar is considered as full plagiarism. It involves presenting exact text from a source as one’s own.
  • Partial Plagiarism: If content is a mixture from multiple different sources, where the author has extensively rephrased text, then it is known as partial plagiarism.
  • Self-Plagiarism: When an author reuses complete or portions of their per-published research, then it is known as self-plagiarism. Complete self- plagiarism is a case when an author republishes their own previously published work in a new journal.


Policy and Action for Plagiarism

IJAIR respects intellectual property and aims at protecting and promoting original work of its authors. Manuscripts containing plagiarized material are against the standards of quality, research and innovation. Hence, all authors submitting articles to IJAIR are expected to abide ethical standards and abstain from plagiarism, in any form. In case, an author is found to be suspected of plagiarism in a submitted or published manuscript then, IJAIR shall contact the author (s) to submit his / her (their) explanation within 10 days, which may be forwarded to the Fact Finding Committee (FFC) constituted for the purpose, for further course of action. If IJAIR does not receive any response from the author within the stipulated time period, then the Director / Dean / Head of the concerned College, Institution or Organization or the Vice Chancellor of the University to which the author is affiliated shall be contacted to take strict action against the concerned author.

Any other course of action, as recommended by the Committee or as deemed fit for the instant case or as decided by the Editorial Board, from time to time.

 

 

 

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